(1) Pneumatic drive: the operating pressure is usually 0.4-0.6mpa, up to 1MPa.
It has the advantages of convenient air source (generally, compressed air is supplied by the compressed air station in the factory), simple structure and low cost, and can work in high temperature, dust and other harsh environments. The disadvantages of pneumatic driving are small power mass ratio and large size of the device. At the same time, due to the compressibility of air, the pose accuracy of the robot is not high when it is positioned arbitrarily. It is suitable for inflammable, explosive and dusty occasions.
(2) Hydraulic drive: the hydraulic drive system uses 2-15mpa oil to drive the robot, which is more volume than air pressure
Small, high power quality ratio, stable driving, high stability and good performance of the system. At the same time, the hydraulic drive speed regulation is relatively simple, which can achieve stepless speed regulation in a large range. When the liquid flow and the moving direction are controlled by electro-hydraulic servo, the trajectory of the robot can be repeated. The disadvantage of hydraulic drive is easy to leak oil, which affects the stability and positioning accuracy of the work, and pollutes the environment. The hydraulic drive is mostly used in the situation of large output force and low moving speed.
(3) Electric drive: electric drive is to use the force or torque generated by the motor, directly or through the reducer
By removing the driving load, the intermediate link from electric energy to pressure energy is reduced, and the required robot motion is obtained directly. Because electric drive is easy to control, high precision, fast response, convenient to use, convenient to monitor, transmit and process signals, low cost, high driving efficiency, no pollution to the environment, etc., electric drive has become common, and many driving methods are used. Most robots produced after the 1990s use this driving method.
Hydraulic drive: it can provide large driving pressure and power, with simple structure and stable performance.
The hydraulic servo drive system has fast response speed and can achieve high positioning accuracy and rigidity, but the oil system is complex, the working performance is greatly affected by the environment, the movement performance is poor, and it is easy to cause leakage. It is often used in the power robot system which requires to provide large driving torque and poor movement performance. Pneumatic system has simple structure and can work in bad environment, but there are also noise problems in pneumatic device.
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